By: Peter Lais
Peer Reviewed
A run-in period (“run-in”) is a pre-randomization phase in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which participants receive a placebo, investigational intervention, or other therapies to assess adherence, tolerability, and placebo responsiveness. Those who demonstrate nonadherence, intolerance of side …
By: Allen Fu
Ischemic stroke, defined by the extended loss of cerebral blood flow due to vessel occlusion, affected 77 million individuals, caused 63 million disability adjusted life-years, and caused 3.3 …
By: Richard Ni
Peer Reviewed
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that remains underrecognized compared to coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). While myocardial infarction and stroke are widely known …
By Madeline Kowalski
Peer Reviewed
A 91-year-old woman with no chronic illness,1 who until recently lived independently, developed rapidly progressive dementia and ataxia over several months. A paraneoplastic syndrome was suspected, yet an extensive workup revealed no malignancy. MRI revealed multifocal white-matter lesions, …
By: David Willett
Peer reviewed
The story of the pacemaker begins in 1918 in New York City, where Dr. Albert Hyman spent years following his residency studying …
By Felicia Ragucci
Peer Reviewed
My very first patient of clerkship year had the shortest medication list I’ll ever see: none. After confirming this, I asked if she takes over the …
By Bennett Yang
Peer Reviewed
An 84-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with fatigue and mild confusion. Her vitals are stable, she’s afebrile, and her exam is unremarkable. Labs are mostly normal, but the urinalysis shows moderate leukocyte esterase and bacteria. A urine culture is sent, and a broad-spectrum antibiotic is …
By Allen Khudaverdyan
Peer Reviewed
For over a century, 98.6° Fahrenheit (37° Celsius) has been etched into our collective consciousness as the “normal” human body temperature. From routine check-ups to COVID-19 …