By: Richard Ni
Peer Reviewed
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that remains underrecognized compared to coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). While myocardial infarction and stroke are widely known …
By: David Willett
Peer reviewed
The story of the pacemaker begins in 1918 in New York City, where Dr. Albert Hyman spent years following his residency studying the …
By Ipsita Subudhi
Peer Reviewed
When a patient comes in with skin plaques, bumps, and what might be a rash, the natural reaction might be to assume that these issues only …
By Matthew Auda
Peer ReviewedÂ
Let’s begin with a case. The patient is a 67-year-old female with a past medical history of hypothyroidism referred to your Cardiology Clinic by her primary care physician …
By Zachary Henig
Peer Reviewed
Atherosclerosis is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. To understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, we turn to advances made in molecular …
By Pamela Boodram, MD
Peer Reviewed
A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and well controlled type 2 diabetes presents to the ED with five days of progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion, …
By Lily Cao
Peer ReviewedÂ
A quick web search would suggest countless reasons to take fish oil, a supplement that Americans have fallen in love with. In …
By Gregory Rubinfeld, MD
Peer Reviewed
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly prevalent disorder that has well described associations with cardiovascular disease. OSA affects approximately 20–30% of males and 10–15% of females in North America.1-3 In addition to male gender, other risk …