By Alvaro Vargas, MD
Peer Reviewed
Learning Objectives
By Gregory Rubinfeld, MD
Peer Reviewed
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly prevalent disorder that has well described associations with cardiovascular disease. OSA affects approximately 20–30% of males and 10–15% of females in …
By Rebecca Lazarus, MD
Peer Reviewed
The concept of lactate is frequently on the tip of the tongue or top of the to-do list in the hospital setting. …
By Jasmine Nee and Martin Fried, MD
Peer Reviewed
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. What is metformin-associated lactic acidosis?
2. How does severe acidemia lead to acute kidney injury?
3. How do you treat metformin-associated lactic …
By Scott Statman, MD
Peer Reviewed
There is little doubt that an association between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) exists. However clinicians have debated the nature of this relationship for decades. Asthma and …
By Martin Fried, MD
Peer reviewed
Learning Objectives
By Christopher V. Cosgriff
Peer Reviewed
The American College of Physicians (ACP) recommends supplemental long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in all patients who have severe resting hypoxemia, defined as a PaO2 ≤55 mmHg …
By Jenna Conway, MD
Peer Reviewed
Introduction
A 58-year-old man presents with worsening dyspnea and nonproductive cough for five days. Significant history includes a recent hospitalization for congestive heart failure. He …